VOL. 23, NO. 1, 1ST
QUARTER 2002
ATI Introduces Corrosion Resistant ALLCORR®
Alloy
By: Ron Gerlock
and Andrea Van, Allegheny Technologies
Allegheny Technologies Incorporated introduces a corrosion
resistant alloy, Allcorr® (UNS N06610). This fully austenitic,
non-age hardenable nickel base alloy is designed to withstand
highly corrosive environments.
Applications
The alloy, originally designed at Allvac, an Allegheny Technologies
company, for use in the “sour” oil and gas industry,
was found to be extremely corrosion resistant to a wide variety
of corrosive environments. Allcorr® corrosion resistance
coupled with its good strength, ductility and toughness make
it a candidate for a wide variety of applications.
One example of a severe service application of the material
is in the nuclear waste disposal industry. In the mid 1980s
DuPont was responsible for material selection in the DOE’s
Savannah River defense waste processing facility. In a testing
program conducted by DuPont1, Allcorr® material was found
to have superior corrosion resistance in the melter off-gas
environment and was selected over C-276 and alloy 690 as the
reference material for the off-gas quencher. While other materials
were satisfactory for offgas system components maintained
above the dew point, of the tested materials only Allcorr®
alloy performed without pitting in the quencher where wetted
conditions exist. Allcorr® material was the only material
tested that resisted pitting and crevice corrosion at pH 1.6
and 90º C.
Savannah River Site Defense
Waste Processing Facility remote view of vitrifcation melter
pour spout.
According to Ken Imrich, Principal Engineer at Westinghouse
Savannah River Company, who now operates the facility for
the DOE, Allcorr® alloy has been in place in this application
since March of 1993 without any problems. “Though ‘hot’
radioactive runs didn’t begin until March of 1996, the
highly corrosive sodium chloride and sodium sulfate salts
were present in the feed material since 1993 when ‘cold’
runs began,” explained Mr. Imrich.
Operating conditions of the quencher exhibit an inlet temperature
of 350º C, while the outlet temperature is 90º C. Visual inspection
of the inlet region and the center of the quencher, including
several welds, was conducted in April 1995. During a second
inspection, just before radioactive operations began in March
1995, the entire quencher was visually inspected. No evidence
of general and localized corrosion was observed in either
examination.
Deposits were collected during the latter inspection. X-ray
diffraction (XRD) was used to identify the deposits, revealing
sodium chloride and sodium sulfate from the inlet of the quencher,
and only sodium chloride from the outlet. Ion chromatography
was subsequently employed to measure the concentrations of
the compounds in the inlet, showing just over 9,000 parts
per million (ppm) chloride anions, and nearly 29,000 ppm sulfate
anions.
Other potential severe service applications include sour gas
wells. In 1991 a simulated deep sour gas well testing program
evaluated alloys for suitability in that service. The test
conditions closely resembled those of actual wells with 11
mol % hydrogen sulfide, 19 mol % carbon dioxide, elemental
sulfur, chloride, at 425º F and at 9,500 and 10,300 psi. In
addition to corrosion testing, the samples were subjected
to autoclave testing using C-rings for evaluation of localized
corrosion and environmental cracking resistance as well as
slow strain rate testing. Under these conditions, Allcorr®
material was one of only a handful of materials found to be
truly resistant to environmental cracking and corrosion.2
With this kind of corrosion resistance, it’s little wonder
fabricators are considering replacing competing alloys with
Allcorr® material in a wide variety of applications and
are eagerly requesting test material from Allegheny Technologies.
Corrosion Resistance
Allcorr® alloy is a nickel base alloy containing about
31% chromium, 11% molybdenum, and 2% tungsten. The very high
chromium content allows the alloy to be exposed to very highly
oxidizing environments without degradation. The molybdenum
and tungsten help resist high chloride environments and low
pH conditions. An extensive corrosion testing program3 performed
by an independent laboratory compared a variety of corrosion
resistant alloys in selected environments. These environments
included pure acids, organics, mixed acids, and various salt
solutions. The results show the Allcorr® material to have
superior corrosion resistance to a higher number of environments
than any of the other nickel base alloys compared (C-276,
625, G3, C4, B2, 600 and 825). An excerpt of test results
comparing Allcorr® alloy and C-276 corrosion resistance
in a selection of media is shown in Exhibit A. Allcorr®
alloy was found to perform well in certain environments where
zirconium does not, such as ferric or cupric chlorides. Allcorr®
material was even found to have corrosion resistance comparable
to tantalum in specific environments such as salts, certain
oxides and organics, and sulfates.
Other published corrosion studies4 echo these findings, with
Allcorr® alloy outperforming 625 and C-276 in numerous
acid environments, including dilute nitric with small amounts
of HCl, or HF and lower concentrations of formic acid over
a range of temperatures.
Allcorr® alloy, like many of the nickel base materials
tested in both cited studies, would not be recommended for
high temperature, low concentration HCl service.
Mechanical & Physical Properties
Allcorr® alloy possesses good mechanical properties; with
a typical room temperature yield strength around 50 Ksi (345
Mpa) and elongation above 50%. Typical impact properties exceed
240 ft-lb. (325 Joule) at room temperature. The alloy is easily
cold worked, similar to other austenitic alloys, to enhance
mechanical strength. The alloy was cold worked up to 70% without
any loss of corrosion properties. Physical properties such
as density, thermal expansion, and thermal conductivity are
available upon request.
Weldability
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Gas Metal Arc Welding
(GMAW) techniques, used for other commercially available nickel-base
alloys, resulted in sound groove welds with good bead appearance,
100% joint efficiency, and excellent ductility. Fusion in
both interpass and base metal/filler metal was complete and
showed no tendency towards cracking. No deleterious second
phases were apparent. There was no HAZ grain growth, no micro
fissuring, and material fusion was complete in all areas.
Product Forms Availability
Through its operating companies, Allvac and Allegheny Ludlum,
Allegheny Technologies can supply the Allcorr® material
in a wide variety of product forms. Allcorr® alloy is
readily hot worked and cold worked to produce a desired shape
of form. The alloy is available in sheet, plate and strip
from Allegheny Ludlum and in bar, billet, rod and coil from
Allvac. The alloy’s excellent ductility and stable microstructure
allow it to be formed into pipe, tubing, forgings, fittings
and wire. With this variety of available forms, Allcorr®
alloy is well prepared to serve the needs of the chemical
process, oil and gas, and pollution control industries.
Specifications
Allcorr® material is covered by a full range of ASTM “B”
specifications, as well as being qualified in NACE MR-01-75
up to 35 Rc hardness.
For test samples or more information on Allcorr® alloy
and how it can be used to solve your severe service corrosion
problems, please contact:
R. J. Gerlock
Allegheny Ludlum
Alabama & Pacific Avenues
Brackenridge, PA 15014
724-226-6231
or
D. DeRoner
Allvac
2020 Ashcraft Avenue
Monroe, NC 28110
704-289-4511
References
1. “ Material Selection for Defense Waste Processing
Facility”. D. F. Bickford, and R. A. Corbett, International
Conference on the Corrosion of Nickel Based Alloys, October
23-25, 1984, Cincinnati, OH, Joint American Society for Metals
and International Nickel Co.
2. “Testing and Evaluation of Corrosion-Resistant Alloys”.
B. D. Craig, et al, Materials Performance, Vol. 30 (12), December
1991, pp. 51-55.
3. “A Comparison of Corrosion Resistant Alloys in Severe
Environments”. R. J. Gerlock, et al, Corrosion 85, Paper
166 NACE.
4. “Comparative Corrosion Resistance of Some High-Nickel,
Chromium-Molybdenum Alloys”. R. A. Corbett, et al., Materials
Performance, Vol. 28 (2), February 1989, pp. 56- 59.
Once
Again Kemira Turns to Its Time-Tested, Corrosion Resistant
Ally: Zircadyne® Zirconium
By: Kirk Richardson
Twelve years ago, Outlook ran a story on Kemira, an innovative
chemical company in search of corrosion resistant materials
for formic acid applications. As the story goes, years earlier
Engineer Yrjö Santaholma happened across one of Wah Chang’s
colorful, annodized zirconium coins at a chemical processing
industry show.
Back home at Kemira in Oulu, Finland, the trinket reminded
him of the unique metal as he and others searched for corrosion
resistant materials that could withstand demanding processing
environments. Glass-lined steel as well as graphite equipment
and piping were experiencing frequent mechanical problems
(including leaks and thermal cracks). Searching for a solution,
Santaholma obtained zirconium samples, and put the metal to
the acid test. The results were highly favorable. In fact,
Zircadyne 702® alloy corrosion resistance in formic proved
to be outstanding. Below the boiling point at 98% concentration
and up to 250ºF and 70% concentration, the alloy’s corrosion
rate was less than one mpy. Kemira immediately introduced
Zircadyne 702® material into its Oulu plant, then specified
the alloy for equipment in several other operations (as well
as Oulu II unit) during the mid and late1980s.
Decades later, and zirconium is still the company’s material
of choice in many applications. In fact, Kemira Chemicals
Oy, which is currently expanding its formic acid production
capacity from 60,000 to 80,000 mt/a (strengthening its position
as the second largest producer in the world), is again depending
on zirconium to hold corrosion in check in several critical
plant operations. “During the plant’s 20 years of
operation, the company has tested and used a wide variety
of materials, ranging from high alloyed steels to elastomers,
from graphite to glass linings, and special metals,”
says Ilkka Pollari, Business Unit Manager. “We trust
that now we manage the materials for formic systems quite
well. For some hot formic acid-containing process stages,
we prefer to use Zircadyne 702® or equivalent on wetted
surfaces. This ensures high reliability and long service life,
extremely low metal ion contamination of the processed products
and, due to the innovative methods of fabrication, also cost
efficiency.”
Such innovative fabrication methods include Kemira Engineering’s
own novel ChemFace process for lining equipment with thin
layers of corrosion resistant metals, such as zirconium. According
to the company, its linings are fully resistant to shock and
vacuum proof. Additional benefits include heat transfer characteristics
(of the lining) that can be regulated by changing the bond
area of the ChemFace welds. Kemira Engineering manufactures
several major pieces of equipment with zirconium lining, including
reactors and significant parts of distillation column systems.
In addition, the workshop offers carbon steel vessels lined
with titanium and tantalum.
Allegheny Technolodies' Tracy Ireland with
Zr equipment destined for formic acid applications.
Cost- and time-efficient ChemFace is just one of many innovations
the company has developed over the years. The Kemira of today
is drastically different than it was when zirconium was first
introduced in the early 1980s. The company produces hydrogen
peroxide, peracetic acid and other chemicals required in the
pulp-bleaching process, but bills itself as more than a “mere
chemical supplier”. Kemira now offers what it calls “total
bleaching solutions” as well as know-how backed by an
R&D focus on oxygen-based chemicals-bleaching competence
that it says “covers controlling every aspect of fiber
surface reaction to add brightness, while retaining other
optical and physical properties of pulp and paper.
Kemira’s main businesses are still chemicals, fertilizers
and paints, but within those areas it has entered into several
new businesses. Kemira is growing strongly in paper chemicals;
earlier this year, it acquired Vinings Industries — one
of the leading companies in USA. Another area of strong growth
focus is chemical water treatment.
The formic acid business is also expected to grow significantly.
Formic acid products are environmentally friendly replacements
for more harmful and dangerous acids. Growth is expected in
the replacement of antibiotics in animal feed.
Despite great progress though, one thing remains the same
at Kemira: its commitment to zirconium as a corrosion solution
to some of the company’s toughest processing challenges.
It’s a solution that has withstood two decades of hot
formic acid, freeing engineers to handle pressing problems,
proving its value again and again.
For more information on Zircadyne® Zirconium, contact
Wah Chang at 541-967-6977 or visit our web site at www.corrosionsolutions.com.
For information about ChemFace linings “for the toughest
of processes”, contact Kemira Engineering Oy at 358 10
86 1617 or e-mail
chemface.workshop@kemira.com.
Intergranular
Corrosion
By: Kirk Richardson
The strangest things happen around research labs. Webster’s
defines “fluke” as a stroke of luck. That’s
how Wah Chang’s Gary Hanson describes a recent discovery
he made using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).
Jack Tosdale, Wah Chang’s Senior Corrosion Engineer,
sent Hanson a badly corroded sample of Zirconium 702®
alloy to analyze. The lab technician placed the material on
a mount, secured with two-sided carbon “sticky tape”.
After viewing and photographing the corroded sample, Hanson
removed it from the mount and noticed residual left on the
tape. “I was curious,” he says. “I was wondering
what was left on the tape.” Hanson put the smudged mount
back under the SEM at 1500x. What he saw surprised him. Amongst
the residue, Hanson found an individual grain of zirconium,
roughly 50 microns in width (see Figure 1) — a kind of
diamond in the rough. “I didn’t realize that the
intergranular corrosion had gone that deep,” he says.
The corroded portion of the sample was bad enough that an
individual grain had actually broken free.
The chance discovery also surprised Tosdale. He says that
it’s not often that a single grain can be separated in
its as-formed state from the rest of the microstructure. “It’s
extremely rare to find that the grain boundary material has
corroded, but not the grain itself,” he explains. In
this case, the corrosion affected only the grain boundary
constituents, mostly a Zr-Fe intermetallic. Tosdale is quick
to point out that X-ray analyses of the surfaces on these
grains (using the SEM; Figure 2) show the presence of iron
on the surface — “probably there as an intermetallic
compound of the zirconium and iron,” he says.
 
(F1) Individual grain of
Zr as seen at 1500X. (F2) X-ray analyses reveal iron on the
surface of these Zr grains.
A second look at the recrystallized grain (Figure 1) reveals
the facets, which formed as a result of the metal being annealed
after it was hot or cold worked. The recrystallization process
tries to minimize the grain boundary surface area, according
to Ron Graham, Director of Technology and Quality at Wah Chang.
“The least surface area per unit volume solid shape is
a sphere,” he says. “Spheres, however, cannot fill
space without voids between the spheres. The tetrakaidodecahedron
forms to minimize the grain boundary suface area while still
filling 100% of space as grains nestle next to each other.”
Graham points out that the pits on the grain surfaces (right
half of the grain) are likely due to the intersection of dislocations
with the surface. These are known as dislocation etch pits.
A dislocation is a defect in the atomic lattice structure.
As such, it etches or corrodes at a higher rate than the surrounding
defect-free zirconium. “Typically, dislocations can only
be imaged by transmission electron microscopy, but in this
case, we are seeing the trace of the dislocation because of
its higher corrosion rate,” he says.
So in the final analysis, what might Gary Hanson’s micron-sized
discovery mean to Wah Chang’s Corrosion Lab? According
to Tosdale, “This (the picture) helps explain intergranular
corrosion a little better. In this case, it helps you find
out what in the grain boundary was attacked and what did the
attacking.”
Graham sums it up. “This truly speaks to the phrase that
‘a picture is worth a thousand words.’”
Hydrometallurgical
Applications of Titanium Clad Steel
By: J.G. Banker,
Clad Metal Division, Dynamic Materials Corp.
Historically, pyrometallurgical processes have been the dominant
methods for recovering many metals from their ores. These
processes have tended to be both energy and pollution intensive.
For many metals, newly developed hydrometallurgical processes
provide a lower cost, cleaner alternative. These processes
involve leaching the ores with aqueous solutions of common
acids. Acid leaching processes have been proven commercially
viable for extraction of copper, gold, nickel, uranium, molybdenum,
zinc and other metals (Ref 1). These hydrometallurgical processes
can range from relatively low-tech heap operations to more
sophisticated high pressure acid leaching (PAL) processes.
Titanium clad autoclave for nickel laterite
pressure acid pressure leaching. The autoclave is Titanium
Grade 1 clad steel for the Murin Murin Nickel / Cobalt Project.
Photo provided by the autoclave fabricator, ASC Engineering,
Adelaide, Austrailia.
The aggressive acid environments of most leaching processes
present significant corrosion issues. Low temperature-pressure
processes, such as heap leaching, are commonly contained with
plastics or other non-metallics. The high temperatures and
pressures of the PAL operations require containment in metal
pressure vessels, commonly called autoclaves. Corrosion issues
necessitate that the autoclaves either be constructed of corrosion
resistant alloys or be lined with ceramics or corrosion resistant
alloys. Titanium has become the metal of choice for many PAL
processes.
When pressures and/or temperatures and size demand very thick
plate, the titanium equipment can become quite expensive.
Titanium clad steel offers a reliable, cost effective alternative,
providing durable titanium-lined equipment, which is lower
cost than many less reliable alternatives. The explosion cladding
process produces a high quality titanium-steel clad product
with proven fabrication reliability and performance.
Titanium and titanium clad have been used in construction
of PAL autoclaves since the 1950s. Reference 2 presents a
list of test, pilot, and small production autoclaves constructed
in the 1970s and 80s. It also presents information on use
of titanium components in primarily refractory lined autoclaves
dating back to the mid 1950s. Technology for pressure acid
leaching of nickel from laterite ores was initially developed
by Sherritt in the late 1950s at Moa Bay, Cuba (Ref 3). The
Cuban facilities included extensive use of titanium and titanium
clad components. The reliable performance of these units led
to later use of titanium and titanium clad in subsequent larger
production autoclaves.
Production Autoclaves for Nickel
In 1996 construction was begun on three production plants
for pressure acid leaching of nickel in Australia. The plants
required six PAL autoclaves. Design and project information
is presented in Table 1. The operating temperatures are 250
to 260ºC, at pressures of 700 to 750 psi (4.8 to 5.2 MPa).
The process includes sulfuric acid at around 5% concentration
along with high levels of oxidizing ions. Titanium clad steel
was selected as the material of construction. Weighing nearly
1,000,000 pounds each, these are the largest, heaviest titanium
clad vessels that have been constructed to date. By early
1999, all six autoclaves were in operation. Three years later,
operational performance of the titanium clad autoclaves is
considered excellent (Ref 4), and maintenance costs are proving
to be minimal. Current designs for future plants and modifications
of the existing plants include application of titanium and
titanium clad in additional plant equipment, including flash
tanks and heat exchangers.
Materials Selection Considerations
for Nickel PAL Autoclaves
Due to highly oxidizing conditions and low ph, titanium alloys
and refractory brick are the materials of choice for corrosion
performance. Currently accepted material options for construction
for these autoclaves are solid titanium, titanium clad steel,
and lead-lined steel with internal acid brick linings. Titanium
clad steel construction offers many advantages.
In comparison to solid titanium:
1. For heavier wall vessels, titanium clad steel is considerably
lower cost than solid titanium. Figure 2 presents a comparison
of the costs of Ti Gr 17 clad steel clad vs. titanium Grade
12 plate for thicknesses ranging from 25 to 100 mm.
2. Fabrication costs for titanium clad steel are lower than
for solid titanium in the thicknesses typical for autoclaves.
3. Components outside of the corrosion envelope, such as supports,
stiffeners, agitator mounts and external jackets can be fabricated
from low cost steel.
4. Since titanium is no longer the strength component, the
titanium alloy can be chosen for features other than strength,
such as corrosion resistance, erosion/abrasion resistance
and/or ignition resistance.
5. The titanium cladding alloy selection can be varied selectively
within the autoclave to provide unique performance features
in specific regions of the autoclave.
In comparison to lead-brick designs:
1. Titanium provides excellent corrosion and abrasion resistance
in direct contact with process media at the required operating
temperatures and pressures, whereas lead does not. In order
to maintain wall temperatures suitably low for lead membrane
containment, internal brick linings are 300 to 500mm thick
(12 to 20 in.) To maintain internal volume the vessel diameter
must be larger, resulting in increased wall thickness, welding
and fabrication costs, and transportation costs. Capital costs
for the titanium clad option are projected to be 30% lower
than acid-brick options (Ref 5).
2. Maintenance costs are much lower for titanium clad autoclaves.
Explosion Clad
Titanium clad steel is produced by the explosion cladding
process. Explosion cladding is a solid state metal-joining
process that uses explosive force to create a metallurgical
bond between two metal components (Ref 6). Although the explosive
detonation generates considerable heat, there is no time for
heat transfer to the component metals; therefore, there is
no appreciable temperature increase of the metals. The process
is ideal for joining metals which are not compatible at high
temperatures, such as titanium and steel. Explosion clad materials
are typically supplied to equipment manufacturers in the form
of flat plates and discs, formed heads, and cylindrical shapes.
Titanium clad is normally produced to ASTM B898. For additional
information on the explosion cladding process, visit www.dynamicmaterials.com.
Cost savings for Titanium
steel clad vs. solid Titanium Grade 12 of thickness equivalent
to steel. Clad is Ti Gr17 bonded to carbon steel. SA516 Gr70.
Alternate cladding thicknesses of 4mm (0.16 in) and 8mm (1.32
in) are shown.
Titanium and Steel Alloy Options
All of the titanium alloys can be clad using the explosion
bonding process. However, the optimum bond mechanical properties
and optimum plate sizes are produced when the yield strengths
of both the cladding and base metal are below 310 MPa (45,000
psi). Consequently the optimum bond strength and toughness
of titanium cladding results from a combination of Titanium
Grade 1, or similar, clad to a moderate strength pressure
vessel steel, such as ASME SA516 Grade 70. (Titanium Grades
17, 11, and 27 exhibit similar yield strength and similar
bond performance to Grade 1.) Although higher strength titanium
alloys such as Grades 2, 7, 12 and 16, can be directly bonded
to steel, the maximum sizes that can be manufactured reliably
are too small for cost effective manufacture of PAL autoclaves.
When cladding higher strength titanium grades in large plate
sizes, it is common practice to use a Titanium Grade 1 interlayer
between the alloy titanium and steel. References 7 and 8 discuss
several of the currently available titanium alloys and highlight
their specific features including cladability and relative
cost of the clad product.
Titanium Clad Equipment Manufacture
Titanium clad equipment can be reliably constructed and has
proven service reliability. Well over 1,000 titanium clad
pressure vessels have been placed in service over the past
35 years. However, due to differences in metallurgical characteristics,
thermal expansion, modulus, and other aspects, titanium clad
construction is not “just another clad vessel.”
Special considerations must be taken in design, fabrication,
welding, and testing to ensure a reliable product. Inadequate
attention to proper design and fabrication techniques can
result in a subsequent vessel failure. Information on titanium
welding and titanium clad fabrication, testing, and inspection
procedures has been relatively broadly published (Ref 8,9).
Conclusion
Titanium clad solves corrosion, maintenance and environmental
problems in many hydrometallurgical autoclave applications.
Titanium clad construction permits autoclave designers a great
deal of flexibility combined with significant cost reduction.
Titanium alloys can be selectively applied in specific regions
of the autoclave to maximize performance under anticipated
localized environmental conditions at minimal cost. Explosion
clad pressure vessel fabrication and performance have been
demonstrated through three decades of experience. With proper
attention to design, fabrication methods and testing, titanium
clad equipment is highly reliable, durable, and long lasting.
References
1) Shutz, R.W., & Covington, L.C., “Hydrometallurgical
Applications of Titanium” Industrial Applications of
titanium and Zirconium, ASTM STP830, R.T.Webster & C.S.Young.
American Society for Testing and Materials, 1984, pp29-47.
2) Banker, J.G., Forrest, A.L., “Titanium/Steel Explosion
bonded Clad for Autoclaves and Reactors”, Proceedings
of Randol Gold Forum ‘96, Randol Corp., Golden, CO, 1996.
3) Chalkley, M.E. et al, “The Acid Pressure Leach Process
for Nickel Cobalt Laterite: A Review of Operations at Moa
Nickel S.A.” Presented at Nickel Cobalt Pressure Leaching
and Hydrometallurgical Forum, Perth, WA, May 13-14 ,1996.
4) O’Shea, J, Nickel Australasia, O’Shea & Assoc.
Melbourne, Australia, Issue 28, Aug. 1999
5) Parkinson, G, “Leaching Metal...For All It’s
Worth”, Chemical Engineering, Nov. 1999, pp 28-31.
6) Banker, J.G., Reineke, E.G., “Explosion Welding”,
ASM Handbook, Vol. 6, Welding, Brazing, and Soldering, 1993,
pp 303-305.
7) Schutz, R.W., “Recent Titanium Alloy and Product Developments
for Corrosive Industrial Service,” National Association
of Corrosion Engineers, Corrosion 95, Paper No. 244
8) Banker, J.G., Winsky, J.P, “Titanium/Steel Explosion
Bonded Clad for Autoclaves and Vessels,” ALTA 1999 Autoclave
Design & Operation Symposium, Alta Metallurgical Services,
Melbourne, Australia, May 1999.
9) Titanium Welding Handbook and Video, International Titanium
Association, Boulder, CO, 1994.
International CorrosionSolutions Conference
Coer d'Alene,
Idaho • September 8 – 12, 2003
It’s more than a year away, but Allegheny Technologies
Incorporated (ATI) is busy planning its Fourth International
Corrosion Solutions Conference. The event will take place
at the scenic Coeur d’Alene (Idaho) Resort September
8-12, 2003. ATI is now soliciting abstracts for the program
(author, title, outline, and short summary).
Corrosion Solutions 2003 follows the successful 2001 conference
that was held in Sunriver, Oregon. That event focused on design,
fabrication, and maintenance of specialty steels, nickel alloys,
niobium, tantalum, titanium, and zirconium processing equipment
as well as other important corrosion-related topics. Corrosion
Solutions 2001 featured 35 technical presentations, several
excellent panel sessions, and included keynote speeches by
Mr. Brian Fitzgerald of Exxon-Mobil Chemical and Mr. Sheldon
Dean of Air Products.
The mission of the 2003 conference is to provide industry
with the latest information on a variety of corrosion resistant
materials, including specialty steels, nickel and other alloys,
as well as niobium, tantalum, titanium, and zirconium. Topics
of interest include case histories (successes and failures
in aqueous corrosion prevention), maintenance/field service
of equipment exposed to corrosive environments, fabrication
breakthroughs and other issues (including welding and heat
treating), materials research and development. Corrosive environments
of interest range from chemical to mineral processing operations
as well as salt water and other severe environments. Presentations
should be technical in nature. Speakers will receive free
registration, which covers the technical conference and selected
events (a $595 value).
For more information, contact Sheryl Renzoni at 541-926-4211
ext: 6280 or e-mail sheryl.renzoni@wahchang.com.
Submit abstracts for consideration to rick.sutherlin@wahchang.com.
There are a limited number of sessions available, so please
send proposed topics and background at your earliest convenience.
The 2nd Quarter 2002 issue of Outlook will provide
detailed information for companies wishing to exhibit at Corrosion
Solutions 2003.
Nitric Acid Producers Meeting &
ANPSG Events Combined
Tucson, Arizona
• October 7– 11, 2002
For the first time ever, this year’s Nitric Acid Producers
Meeting and Ammonium Nitrate Producers Study Group (ANPSG)
will be held during the same week at the same location. In
the interests of cost and time savings as well as cross pollination
of ideas, the executive committees from both groups agreed
to a five-day format to be launched October 7-11 in Tucson,
Arizona. Apache Nitrogen and Terra Nitrogen are the official
meeting hosts.
Now for the details. ANPSG/Nitric Acid Producers 2002 will
be held at the lovely Loews Ventana Canyon Resort. For early
reservations, contact the hotel at 520-299-2020. The room
block is limited and will be filled on a first-come, first-served
basis. Attendees should mention that they are attending the
ANPSG/Nitric Acid Producers Meeting to get the lower conference
room rate.
Those interested in presenting at the meeting are encouraged
to contact meeting chairs Ricardo Rodriguez of Nitrochem Corporation
(613-348-3681 ext: 280) and/or Shawn Rana of Agrium USA (402-223-5271
ext: 291). Interested presenters should propose ideas early
(these are subject to approval by the executive committee),
as slots are limited.
Kirk Richardson of Wah Chang (541-967-6955) and Bob Gill of
Ellett (641-941-8211) are coordinating vendor activities and
associated evening events. Contact Sheryl Renzoni at 541-926-4211
ext: 6280 (or by e-mail at sheryl.renzoni@wahchang.com)
if you would like information on exhibiting or are ready to
sign up. As with everything else, the vendor hall offers limited
table space, so exhibitors are encouraged to sign up early.
For updates on the meeting and conference events, check out
ANPSG’s website at www.anpsg.org.
Welding
Albany, Oregon
• July 23– 24, 2002
and August
13– 15, 2002
For those interested in boosting their welding IQ, Wah Chang
is offering two summer sessions on welding that focus on working
with zirconium, titanium, and titanium-niobium. This combination
classroom/hands-on event takes place July 23-25 and August
13-15 in Albany, Oregon. The instructors recommend that participants
have some experience in welding of stainless steel or aluminum.
For more information, contact Sheryl Renzoni, Seminar Coordinator,
at
541-926-4211 ext:6280 or e-mail her at sheryl.renzoni@wahchang.com.
LYNN DAVIS
President
PARRY WALBORN
Vice President, Commercial
GARY KNEISEL
Director of Sales
KIRK RICHARDSON
Editor
©2002 Wah Chang. Outlook is published quarterly
by Wah Chang (Albany, Oregon office). The newsletter contains
information on reactive and refractory metals, including hafnium,
niobium, titanium, vanadium, and zirconium, as well as chemicals.
The properties listed herein are average values based on laboratory
and field test data from a number of sources. They are indicative
only of the results obtained in such tests and should not
be considered as guaranteed maximums or minimums.
Information & Order Contacts
Wah Chang
(headquarters)
P.O Box 460
Albany, Oregon 97321
Tel: (541) 926-4211
Fax: (541) 967-6990
www.wahchang.com
www.corrosionsolutions.com
Sales/Tech Support
Tel: (541) 967-6977
Fax: (541) 967-6994
E-mail: custserv@wahchang.com
CPI Service Center–U.S.
Tel: (541) 812-7038
Fax: (541) 967-6979
E-mail: starlene.ladd@wahchang.com
For information on agents/distributors of CPI products call:
(541) 967-6906
For information on agents/distributors of nuclear-grade alloys
call: (541) 967-6914
For information on agents/distributors of Ti, V, and Nb products
call: (541) 967-6977
For information on Allvac products call: (704) 289-4511
For information on Allegheny Ludlum products call: (412) 394-2800
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